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The Supreme Court has issued its ruling in Cruz v. Arizona, 598 U.S. ___ (Feb. 22, 2023), reversing the Arizona Supreme Court's denial of post-conviction relief to John Montenegro Cruz and remanding for further proceedings.  At Cruz's trial, he had invoked Simmons v. South Carolina, 512 U.S. 154 (1994), and asked that the jury be informed that a life sentence in Arizona would be without parole.  The trial court refused, finding that Simmons did not apply to Arizona's sentencing scheme.  On appeal from the ensuing death sentence, the Arizona Supreme Court affirmed, agreeing that Simmons did not apply in Arizona.  The Arizona Supreme Court repeated its interpretation of Simmons in subsequent cases.  In 2016, the Supreme Court summarily reversed the Arizona Supreme Court in Lynch v. Arizona, 578 U. S. 613 (2016) (per curiam), and held that it was fundamental error to conclude that Simmons “did not apply” in Arizona. 578 U. S., at 615.  Cruz responded by filing a successive motion for post-conviction relief in state court. The Arizona Supreme Court denied relief, concluding that Lynch was not a “significant change in the law” as required by state law for the filing of a successive petition.  

The Supreme Court held that the state court's application of its procedural rule in Cruz's case did not provide an "adequate" state ground for precluding review of the federal claim.   This was because the Arizona Supreme Court's interpretation of its procedural rule in Cruz's case was entirely new and in conflict with prior case law.  The majority opinion was authored by Justice Sotomayor and joined by Chief Justice Roberts, and Justices Kagan, Kavanaugh and Jackson.  Justice Barrett wrote a dissenting opinion, joined by Justices Thomas, Alito and Gorsuch. 

The American Law Institute is in the final stages of publishing the seventh edition of ANTHONY G. AMSTERDAM & RANDY HERTZ, TRIAL MANUAL 7 FOR THE DEFENSE OF CRIMINAL CASES.  Lawyers in public defender offices, nonprofit legal services offices, and pro bono criminal practice can obtain a free copy of the .pdf version of the manual for downloading from the ALI website by filling out the form at https://www.ali.org/trial-manual/

Although the book is a trial manual, not a postconviction manual, it does cover all of the criminal-procedure issues that arise in pretrial and trial proceedings – from Faretta admonitions through inflammatory prosecutorial closing argument, jury misconduct, and posttrial motions – which are the grist of substantive postconviction guilt-phase claims.  It is an invaluable resource for attorneys specializing in capital postconviction litigation.  Note, however, that the manual’s treatment of the penalty phase of capital cases – and of capital cases as such – is cursory.  This is meant to convey the message that capital defense is a specialty and should be conducted by learned counsel or under the supervision of learned counsel.   A hard copy of the manual will be available in the near future for those who do not qualify to receive the free copy.   

TRIAL MANUAL 7 FOR THE DEFENSE OF CRIMINAL CASES

by Anthony G. Amsterdam and Randy Hertz

The Trial Manual 7 for the Defense of Criminal Cases is a guidebook for criminal defense lawyers at the trial level. It covers the information a defense attorney has to know, and the strategic factors s/he should consider, at each of the stages of the criminal trial process. It is 

On June 21, 2022, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Shoop v. Twyford, a death penalty case out of Ohio where a federal district court in habeas corpus proceedings had issued an order allowing the transportation of Mr. Twyford to a medical facility for neurological testing and the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals had affirmed the order.  The Supreme Court ruled:

A transportation order that allows a prisoner to search for new evidence is not “necessary or appropriate in aid of” a federal court’s adjudication of a habeas corpus action, 28 U. S. C. §1651(a), when the prisoner has not shown that the desired evidence would be admissible in connection with a particular claim for relief. Because the District Court entered such an order despite Twyford’s failure to make the required showing, the judgment of the Court of Appeals affirming that order is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.   

On April 25, 2022, the Supreme Court granted Texas death row inmate Rodney Reed's certiorari petition.  The question presented is:

     In Skinner v. Switzer, 562 U.S. 521, 524-25 (2011), this Court held that state prisoners may pursue post-conviction claims for DNA testing of crime-scene evidence in a civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The Court made clear that a prisoner bringing such a § 1983 claim may seek “to show that the governing state law denies him procedural due process” after he has unsuccessfully sought DNA testing under available state procedures. Id. at 525, 530.

     The question presented is whether the statute of limitations for a § 1983 claim seeking DNA testing of crime-scene evidence begins to run at the end of state court litigation denying DNA testing, including any appeals (as the Eleventh Circuit has held), or whether it begins to run at the moment the state trial court denies DNA testing, despite any subsequent appeal (as the Fifth Circuit, joining the Seventh Circuit, held below).